AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
* Family is the basic unit of society.
* Home (Family) is the basic unit of civilization.
* Village is the basic unit of rural society.
* President of ICAR Minister for agriculture.
* Vice president of ICAR Minister of State - Agriculture
History of Agricultural Research in India:
1871 : Dept. of revenue, agriculture and commerce (chief function collection of
statistics (revenue) and no agril. Research) during the tenure of Lord Mayo.
: India faced severe famine and GOI resolved to set up a Central Dept. of
Agriculture controlled by imperial Secretariat.
1881 : Dept. of Agriculture were set up in provinces
1892 : Agriculture chemist and an Assistant Chemist were appointed to look after
research and teaching.
: Famine
1901 : Inspector general of Agriculture and an imperial mycologist were appointed
to advice to imperial and provincial govts. On agricultural matters.
1903 : An Entomologist was employed.
1901-05 : Agricultural colleges were established at Pune, Kanpur, Sabour, Nagpur,
Lyallapur and Coimbatore.
1905 : Agricultural Research institute was established at pusa, Bihar by Lord Curzon.
The land was donated by Mr. Phipps of USA after whom the place was
Named as PUSA.
1919 : Constitutional reforms made agriculture as state subject.
1928 : Royal commission on Agriculture, headed by lord Linlithgow recommended setting up of imperial council of Agricultural research to promote, guide and coordinate agricultural research throughout India.
The Commodity committees:
Ministry of Food and Agriculture started several committees concerned with research and development activities related to specific crops. Some had their own research stations and some are self financed.
Year
Committee
Research station/ Institute
1921
Cotton committee
Technological laboratory now CTRL Matunga)
1931
Lac cess committee
Indian lac Research institute, Namkum (1936), Bihar
1936
Jute Committee
Jute Agricultural; Research institute, Barrakpore Jute Technological Research Laboratory, Calcutta, West bengal (Continues at Page 41)
Agricultural Universities
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, is the first Agricultural University established in the year 1960.
Central agricultural University, Shillong, is the latest established Agricultural University
There are ------ State Agricultural Universities.
Maximum 4 Universities in Maharastra
Project Directorates:
Name
Place
Rice
Hyderabad
Oilseeds
Hyderabad
Poultry
Hyderabad
Pulses
Kanpur
Wheat
Karnal
Biological Control
Bangalore
Water management
Rahuri
Cropping Systems Research
Modhipuram
Cattle
Meerut
Vegetable Research
Varanasi
National Research Centers (NRCs) :
Integrated Pest Management
New Delhi (IARI)
Groundnut
Junagadh
Sorghum
Hyderabad
Soybean
Indore
Cashew
Puttur
Citrus
Nagpur
Mushroom Research and Training
Solan
Spices
Calicut
Agro-forestry
Jhansi
Weed Science
Japalpur
Camel
Bikaner
Equines
Hisar
Meat
Izatnagar
Methuen
Jharnapani
Yak
Dirang
Cold Water Fisheries
Haldwani
Orchids
Gangtok
Mustard
Bharatpur
Plant Biotechnology
New Delhi (IARI)
National Bureaus:
NBPGR : National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IARI
NBAGR : National Bureau of Animal Genetics Resources, Karnal
NBAGR : National Bureau of fish Genetic Resources, Allahabad.
NBSSLUP : National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Nagpur.
Other Institutes:
Under Ministry of Rural Development:
NIRD: National Institute for Rural Development. Hyderabad.
Under Ministry of Foods and Agriculture and Cooperation :
MANAGE: National institute for Agriculture Extension Management, Hyderabad.
NAARM: National Academy for Agricultural Research Management Hyderabad.
Organization: Streams of Extension in India:
The ICAR extension system, comprising mainly Research Institutes and Agricultural Universities.
Extension System of Ministry of Agriculture and the State Departments of Agricultural.
Extension System of the Ministry of Rural Development and State Development Departments, and
Development work by the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Business houses etc.
Front-line Transfer of Technology Programmes of ICAR:
1964
National Demonstrations
1974
Operational Research Project
1974
Krishi Vigyan Kendra
1979
Lab to Land Program
1944
Sugarcane committee
Sugarcane Breeding institute Coimbatore
Indian Institute of sugarcane Research, Lucknow
1945
Coconut Committee
Central Coconut research Stations. Kanyagulam and Kasargod
1945
Tobacco Committee
Central tobacco Research institute, Rajahmundry
1947
Oil Seeds committee
Financed research Schemes, head quarters at Hyderabad.
1949
Arecanut Committee
Arecanut Research Station, Vittal
1958
Spices and Cashewnut Committee
Financed Research schemes
The central commodity committees were later abolished (beginning in 1965) and the research institutes under their control were transferred to ICAR.
1965 : Project for intensification of regional Research on cotton, Oilseeds and millets (PIRPCOM). First coordinated research work on regional basis was initiated in 1956 as a joint effort by ICAR and Indian Central Committees on oilseeds and Cotton.
AII India coordinated Research Project:
1957 : All India coordinated research project on maize was established with aid from Rockfellar foundation.
1965: ACRIPs were started on other crops as well as in other areas of Research.
Crops
Place
Maize
New Delhi
Jowar
Hyderabad
Barley
Karnal
Millets
Pune
Forage crops
Jhansi
National seeds project
New Delhi
Sugarcane
Lucknow
Sugar beet
Pantnagar
Cotton
Coimbatore
Jute and allied fibres
Barrackpore
Soybean
Indore
Tobacco
Anand
Cotton Project (WB assisted)
Nagpur
Fruits
Bangalore
Citrus
Bangalore
Tuber crops
Dholi (Bihar)
Potato
Simla
Vegetables
New Delhi
Medicinal and Aromatic plants
New Delhi
Spices and Cashewnut
Kasargod
Coconut and Arecanut
Kasargod
Under utilized and under exploited plants
New Delhi
Indian council of Agricultural Research:
1928 : Royal commission on Agriculture, headed by lord linlithgow recommended setting up of imperial council of Agricultural research to promote, guide and coordinate agricultural research throughout India.
23rd May, 1929 : Imperial Council for Agricultural Research was established
President : Kahan Bahadur Sir Mohammed Habibullah
Vice-President : Diwan Bahadur Sir Vijaya Raghavacharya
Secretary : Mr. S.A. Hydari
Governing body has 16 members.
March, 1946: The name Imperial council of Agricultural Research Institute was changed to Indian council of agricultural research by then president Sir Jogendra Singh.
Reorganization or ICAR:
In 1963, the Agricultural review Team headed by Dr. Marion W. Parker of USDA was appointed. Based on its recommendations ICAR was made a fully automonous organization in 1966.
IARI, New Delhi, NDRI, Karnal and IVRI, Izathnagar were made national Institutes.
A policy was mad to appoint an agricultural scientist as the Chief Executive of ICAR, with the designation of Director General, Dr. B. P. Pal became first DG of ICAR in 1965.
Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE):
In June 1972 Gajendragadkar committee was established to review the recruitment and personal policies of ICAR and its institutes, which submitted its report in 1973. Department of Agricultural research and Education was created in 1973 in the Ministry of Food and Agriculture.
An Agricultural research service was initiated in 1973 for the recruitment of Scientific personnel under Agricultural Scientists recruitment Board.
Entire country was divided into 8 agroecological zones and 15 agro ecological zones and 15 agroclimatic zones.
Research Stations:
CARI
:
Central Agricultural research institute
Port Blair
CARI
:
Central Avian Research Institute
Izatnagar
CARIANGI
:
Central Agricultural research
Institute for Andaman and Nicobar Groups of Islands
Port Bihar
CAZRI
:
Central Aril Zone research Institute
Jodhpur
CLAE, IISS
:
Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Bhopal
CIBA
:
Central Institute for Barkishwater Aquaculture
Chennai
CICFRI
:
Central Inland capture Fisheries
Barrackpore
CIFA
:
Central Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture
Bhubaneshwar
CICR
:
Central Institute of Cotton Research
Nagpur
CIFT
:
Central Institute of Fisheries Technology
Cochin
CIHNP
:
Central Institute of Horticulture of Northern Plains
Lucknow
CIPET
:
Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology
Ludhiana
CIRCOT
:
Central Research Institute for research on Cotton Technology
Bombay
CIRB
:
Central Research Institute for Research on Buffaloes
Hisar
CIRG
:
Central Institute for Research on Goats
Makhdoom
CMFRI
:
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Cochin
CPCRI
:
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute
Kasargod
CPRI
:
Central Potato Research Institute
Kufri, Simla,
CRIAF
:
Central Research Institute for Arid Fruits
Bikaner
CRIDA
:
Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture
Hyderabad
CRIJAF
:
Central Research Institute for jute and Allied Fibres
Barrackpore
CRITF
:
Central Research Institute for Tropical Fruits
Srinagar
CRITF
:
Central Research Institute for Tropical Fruits
Lucknow
CRRI
:
Central Rice Research Institute
Cuttack
CSSRI
:
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
Karnal
CSWCRTI
:
Central Soil and water Conservation Research and Training Institute
Dehradun
CSWRI
:
Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute
Avikanagar
CTCRI
:
Central Tuber Crops Research Institute
Trivandrum
CTRI
:
Central Tobacco Research Institute
Rajahmundry
CTRL
:
Central Technological Research Laboratory
Matunga
IASRI
:
Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute
New Delhi
ICARRCG
:
ICAR Research Complex for Goa
Goa
ICARRCNEHR
:
ICAR Research complex for North Eastern Hill Region
Barapani
ICARRCNER
:
ICAR Research complex for North Eastern Region
Shillong
IGFRI
:
Indian Grassland and fodder Research Institute
Jhansi
IIHR
:
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
Hassergatta, Bangalore
IIPR
:
Indian Institute of Pulse Research
Kanpur
IISR
:
Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
Lucknow
IISS
:
Indian Institute of Soil Science
Bhopal
ILRI
:
Indian Lac Research Institute
Namkum, Ranchi
JTRL
:
Jute Technological Research Laboratory
Calcutta
NAARM
:
National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management
Hyderabad
NCAEPR
:
National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research
New Delhi
NIAG
:
National Institute of Animal Genetics
Karnal
SBI
:
Sugarcane Breeding Institute
Coimbatore
VPKAS
:
Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandan Shala
Almora
WTCER
:
Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region
Bhubaneswar
Deemed Universities
CIFE
:
Central Institute of Fisheries Education
Bombay
IARI
:
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
New Delhi
IVRI
:
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar
NDRI
:
National Dairy Research Institute
Karnal
Indian Agricultural Research Institute:
1905
:
Agricultural Research Institute was established at Pusa, Bihar by Lord Curzon. The land was donated by Mr. Phipps of USA after whom the place was named as PUSA. The Phipps laboratory in division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, IARI is named after him.
1911
:
Renamed as Imperial Agricultural Research Institute.
1923
:
Institute started offering Diploma of Associateship.
1934
:
Major Earth quake damaged the buildings at pusa.
1936
:
Shifted to New Delhi.
1936
:
B. Vishwanath became the first Indian Director of the Institute.
1946
:
The Diploma of Associate ship was Recognised equivalent to M. Sc.
1947
:
Name has been changed from Imperial Agricultural Research Institute to Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
1958
:
Recognized as Deemed University under UGC Act at 1956, PG School was established.
Non Education institutes
EEI, Anand, Gujarat
EEI, Jorhat, Assam
EEI, Hyderabad, AP
EEI, Nilokheri, Haryana
International Institutes of crop Improvement:
CGIAR
:
Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research. Was established in 1971 by the joint efforts of Food and Agricultural Organisation world baulk and United Nations Development Programme.
CIAT
:
Centro International de Agriculture Tropical (International Centre for Tropical Agriculture), Palmira, columbia.
CIMMYT
:
Centro International de Majoramiento de Maizy Trigo (International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement) el Baton, Mexico.
CIP
:
Centro International de Papa (International Centre for Potato), Lima, Peru,
IBPGR
:
International Board for Plant Genetics Resources Rome, Italy.
ICARDA
:
International centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, Alleppo, Syria.
ICGES
:
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Triesta, Italy and New Delhi, India.
ICRISAT
:
International Centre for Research in Semi-Arid Tropies, Patancherru, Hyderabad, India.
IFRI
:
International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, USA.
IIAS
:
International Institute for Applied System Analysis, Luxemburg, Vienna.
IITA
:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan Nigeria.
INSFFER
:
International Network on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation on Rice, New Delhi, India.
ILRAD
:
International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
ILCA
:
International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa.
IRRI
:
International Rice Research Institute, Los Bonas, Philippines.
ISNAR
:
International Service for national Agricultural Research. The Hague, Netherlands.
WARDA
:
West African Rice Development Association, Monrovia, Liberia.
Agricultural and Rural Development Programmes:
The evaluation of Agricultural and Rural Development can be grouped into five stages.
Stage I : Pre Independence era
1903
:
Model villages by Daniel Hamilton.
1908
:
Tagore Started Youth organisation in the villages in the Kaligram Pargana.
1921
:
Rural Reconstruction Institute, shantiniketan.
1921
:
Marathandam Project by Spencer Hatch.
1921
:
Gurgaon Experiment by F. L. Brayne.
1921
:
Sevagram Project by Mahatma Gandhi.
Adarsh Seva Sangh, Pohri (Gwalior) by Col. Shitole
1932
:
Rural reconstruction Movement by V. T. Krishnamachari in Baroda.
1945
:
Indian Village service by A. T. Mosher and B. N. Gupta.
1946
:
Firka development Scheme by T. Prakasham.
1947
:
Mazdoor Manzil at Nilokheri by S. K. Dey.
Stage II
:
Post Independence era
1948
:
Grow more food campaign
1948
:
Etawah Pilot Project by Albert mayer.
1952
:
Grow more food campaign enquiry committee.
Stage III
:
Community Development era
1952
:
Community Development Project was started in 55 blocks.
1953
:
National Extension service.
1954
:
Community development blocks(CDB)
1957
:
Balwantrai.G. Mehta committee on Community Development Project recommended Democratic decentralization (Panchayati raj).
1958
:
Rajasthan became first state to adopt Panchayati Raj followed by Andhra Pradesh.
Stage IV : Intensive Agriculture development era
1960
:
IADP
Intensive Agriculture district Programme also called as Package Program in seven districts, later extended to nine more districts.
1964
:
IAAP
Intensive Agricultural Area Programme.
1964
:
ICDP
Intensive Cattle Development Project
1966
:
HYVP
High Yielding Varieties Programme.
1966
:
MCP
Multiple Cropping Programme.
1971
:
MKP
Mini kit Program for Rice was started and later extended to wheat, maize and other millets etc.
Stage V : Developmental Programmes with social Justice
1970
:
SFDA
Small farmers Development Agency
1970
:
MFAL
Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Laborers Programme.
1970
:
DPAP
Drought Prone Area Programme.
1974
:
FWP
Food for Work Programme.
1974
:
MNP
Minimum Needs Programme.
1974
:
T & V
Training and Visit system formulated by Daniel Benor and Baxtor of Israel. Turkey was the first to start T&V.
1974
:
KVK
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohan Singh Mehta committee recommended KVKs. First KVK was established by TNAU at Pondichery.
1974
:
CAD
Command Area Development Programme.
1978-79
:
IRDP
Integrated rural Development Programme.
1979
:
TRYSEM
Training Rural youth for Self-Employment.
1979
:
NARP
National Agricultural research Project.
1980
:
NREP
National Rural Employment programme
1982
:
DWCRA
Development of Women and Children-in Rural Areas.
1982
:
CAPART
Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and rural Technology.
1983
:
NAEP
National Agricultural Extension Project.
1983
:
RLEGP
Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme.
1986
:
TMO
Technology Mission on Oilseeds.
1989
:
JRY
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, formed after merger of NREP and RLEGP.
1993
:
EAS
Employment Assurance scheme
1994-95
:
IVLP
Institute village Linkage programme.
1994
:
MSY
Mahila Samrudhi Yojana.
1994
:
PMRY
Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana.
1995
:
NSAS
National social assistance scheme.
1998
:
NATP
National Agricultural Technology Project
1999
:
JGSY
Jawahar Gram Samuridhi Yojana (JRY was changed to JGSY).
1999
:
SGSY
Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA merged into SGSY).
Varieties of Important Crops:
Rice TN-1 : (First introduced drawf variety into India), IR-8, Jaya (Blast Resistant), Padma, Mashuri, Kakatiya, Pusa Basumati, Pusa Jaldidan, Lunisree, Ratna, TKM-6 (Stem borer resistant), Kataribogh (Tungro resistant), ADT-27 (indica x japonica), Santchousong (High protein content), Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen, Bala (Drought resistant), IR-20 (Resistant to Blast, BLB, stemborer, leafhopper).
Wheat : Introduction from Mexico: Lerma Rojo and sonara-64.
Single gene dwarf varieties: Safed lerma, Sharbati sonara, pusa Lerma, Chotu lerma.
Double gene dwarf varieties: Shera, Arjun, Janak.
Triple gene dwarf varieties: Heera, Moti.
HD series, Kundan, C-306 (drought resistant).
Chickpen Pusa 256 PBG-1 203, Pusa 209: Gaurav ICCC-32, Ajay.
Pigeonpea UPAS-120 9short duration), ICPH-8 (First Hybrid), (Arhar) Pusa 33. Pusa Agati, ICPL 37. Hira, Mukta, Bahar, Prabat. SBH-8.
Sugarcane Noble Canes: CO-419, Co-997
Soybean Bragg, Lee Clark-63, Shilajeet, Pusa 16, 20, 24, PK-327
Tomato Pusa Sheetal, Pusa-120, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Ruby, Margologe, Sioux, Pusa Gauray, Best of All.
Mango Malika (neelam x dasheri)
Amrapali (dasheri x neelam)
Ratna (neelam x alphonso)
Bannana Poovan (larplur, Chakrakeli), Basrai, Champa
Hill Bananas: Sirumali, virupakshi
Culinary varieties: Monthan, Gross Mitchell, Mindoli Robusta Rasthali
Rose Chitra, Dr. B. P. Pal, Priyadarshini, Nehru Ceremony, Jawhar, Abisarika, Banjara, Randhawa.
Califlower Pusa Deepali, Pusa synthetic, Pusa Katki, Early Snowball, Kanwari , Early, Patna, Patna Main crop, Snowball-16, Suttons Snowball Japanese improved, Dania, Aghani, Poosi.
Oil Percentage:
Sesamum
46-52%
Groundnut
44-50%
Castor
35-58%
Safflower
24-36%
Rape seed and mustard
33%
Soybean
20%
Niger
37-43%
* Family is the basic unit of society.
* Home (Family) is the basic unit of civilization.
* Village is the basic unit of rural society.
* President of ICAR Minister for agriculture.
* Vice president of ICAR Minister of State - Agriculture
History of Agricultural Research in India:
1871 : Dept. of revenue, agriculture and commerce (chief function collection of
statistics (revenue) and no agril. Research) during the tenure of Lord Mayo.
: India faced severe famine and GOI resolved to set up a Central Dept. of
Agriculture controlled by imperial Secretariat.
1881 : Dept. of Agriculture were set up in provinces
1892 : Agriculture chemist and an Assistant Chemist were appointed to look after
research and teaching.
: Famine
1901 : Inspector general of Agriculture and an imperial mycologist were appointed
to advice to imperial and provincial govts. On agricultural matters.
1903 : An Entomologist was employed.
1901-05 : Agricultural colleges were established at Pune, Kanpur, Sabour, Nagpur,
Lyallapur and Coimbatore.
1905 : Agricultural Research institute was established at pusa, Bihar by Lord Curzon.
The land was donated by Mr. Phipps of USA after whom the place was
Named as PUSA.
1919 : Constitutional reforms made agriculture as state subject.
1928 : Royal commission on Agriculture, headed by lord Linlithgow recommended setting up of imperial council of Agricultural research to promote, guide and coordinate agricultural research throughout India.
The Commodity committees:
Ministry of Food and Agriculture started several committees concerned with research and development activities related to specific crops. Some had their own research stations and some are self financed.
Year
Committee
Research station/ Institute
1921
Cotton committee
Technological laboratory now CTRL Matunga)
1931
Lac cess committee
Indian lac Research institute, Namkum (1936), Bihar
1936
Jute Committee
Jute Agricultural; Research institute, Barrakpore Jute Technological Research Laboratory, Calcutta, West bengal (Continues at Page 41)
Agricultural Universities
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, is the first Agricultural University established in the year 1960.
Central agricultural University, Shillong, is the latest established Agricultural University
There are ------ State Agricultural Universities.
Maximum 4 Universities in Maharastra
Project Directorates:
Name
Place
Rice
Hyderabad
Oilseeds
Hyderabad
Poultry
Hyderabad
Pulses
Kanpur
Wheat
Karnal
Biological Control
Bangalore
Water management
Rahuri
Cropping Systems Research
Modhipuram
Cattle
Meerut
Vegetable Research
Varanasi
National Research Centers (NRCs) :
Integrated Pest Management
New Delhi (IARI)
Groundnut
Junagadh
Sorghum
Hyderabad
Soybean
Indore
Cashew
Puttur
Citrus
Nagpur
Mushroom Research and Training
Solan
Spices
Calicut
Agro-forestry
Jhansi
Weed Science
Japalpur
Camel
Bikaner
Equines
Hisar
Meat
Izatnagar
Methuen
Jharnapani
Yak
Dirang
Cold Water Fisheries
Haldwani
Orchids
Gangtok
Mustard
Bharatpur
Plant Biotechnology
New Delhi (IARI)
National Bureaus:
NBPGR : National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, IARI
NBAGR : National Bureau of Animal Genetics Resources, Karnal
NBAGR : National Bureau of fish Genetic Resources, Allahabad.
NBSSLUP : National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Nagpur.
Other Institutes:
Under Ministry of Rural Development:
NIRD: National Institute for Rural Development. Hyderabad.
Under Ministry of Foods and Agriculture and Cooperation :
MANAGE: National institute for Agriculture Extension Management, Hyderabad.
NAARM: National Academy for Agricultural Research Management Hyderabad.
Organization: Streams of Extension in India:
The ICAR extension system, comprising mainly Research Institutes and Agricultural Universities.
Extension System of Ministry of Agriculture and the State Departments of Agricultural.
Extension System of the Ministry of Rural Development and State Development Departments, and
Development work by the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Business houses etc.
Front-line Transfer of Technology Programmes of ICAR:
1964
National Demonstrations
1974
Operational Research Project
1974
Krishi Vigyan Kendra
1979
Lab to Land Program
1944
Sugarcane committee
Sugarcane Breeding institute Coimbatore
Indian Institute of sugarcane Research, Lucknow
1945
Coconut Committee
Central Coconut research Stations. Kanyagulam and Kasargod
1945
Tobacco Committee
Central tobacco Research institute, Rajahmundry
1947
Oil Seeds committee
Financed research Schemes, head quarters at Hyderabad.
1949
Arecanut Committee
Arecanut Research Station, Vittal
1958
Spices and Cashewnut Committee
Financed Research schemes
The central commodity committees were later abolished (beginning in 1965) and the research institutes under their control were transferred to ICAR.
1965 : Project for intensification of regional Research on cotton, Oilseeds and millets (PIRPCOM). First coordinated research work on regional basis was initiated in 1956 as a joint effort by ICAR and Indian Central Committees on oilseeds and Cotton.
AII India coordinated Research Project:
1957 : All India coordinated research project on maize was established with aid from Rockfellar foundation.
1965: ACRIPs were started on other crops as well as in other areas of Research.
Crops
Place
Maize
New Delhi
Jowar
Hyderabad
Barley
Karnal
Millets
Pune
Forage crops
Jhansi
National seeds project
New Delhi
Sugarcane
Lucknow
Sugar beet
Pantnagar
Cotton
Coimbatore
Jute and allied fibres
Barrackpore
Soybean
Indore
Tobacco
Anand
Cotton Project (WB assisted)
Nagpur
Fruits
Bangalore
Citrus
Bangalore
Tuber crops
Dholi (Bihar)
Potato
Simla
Vegetables
New Delhi
Medicinal and Aromatic plants
New Delhi
Spices and Cashewnut
Kasargod
Coconut and Arecanut
Kasargod
Under utilized and under exploited plants
New Delhi
Indian council of Agricultural Research:
1928 : Royal commission on Agriculture, headed by lord linlithgow recommended setting up of imperial council of Agricultural research to promote, guide and coordinate agricultural research throughout India.
23rd May, 1929 : Imperial Council for Agricultural Research was established
President : Kahan Bahadur Sir Mohammed Habibullah
Vice-President : Diwan Bahadur Sir Vijaya Raghavacharya
Secretary : Mr. S.A. Hydari
Governing body has 16 members.
March, 1946: The name Imperial council of Agricultural Research Institute was changed to Indian council of agricultural research by then president Sir Jogendra Singh.
Reorganization or ICAR:
In 1963, the Agricultural review Team headed by Dr. Marion W. Parker of USDA was appointed. Based on its recommendations ICAR was made a fully automonous organization in 1966.
IARI, New Delhi, NDRI, Karnal and IVRI, Izathnagar were made national Institutes.
A policy was mad to appoint an agricultural scientist as the Chief Executive of ICAR, with the designation of Director General, Dr. B. P. Pal became first DG of ICAR in 1965.
Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE):
In June 1972 Gajendragadkar committee was established to review the recruitment and personal policies of ICAR and its institutes, which submitted its report in 1973. Department of Agricultural research and Education was created in 1973 in the Ministry of Food and Agriculture.
An Agricultural research service was initiated in 1973 for the recruitment of Scientific personnel under Agricultural Scientists recruitment Board.
Entire country was divided into 8 agroecological zones and 15 agro ecological zones and 15 agroclimatic zones.
Research Stations:
CARI
:
Central Agricultural research institute
Port Blair
CARI
:
Central Avian Research Institute
Izatnagar
CARIANGI
:
Central Agricultural research
Institute for Andaman and Nicobar Groups of Islands
Port Bihar
CAZRI
:
Central Aril Zone research Institute
Jodhpur
CLAE, IISS
:
Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Bhopal
CIBA
:
Central Institute for Barkishwater Aquaculture
Chennai
CICFRI
:
Central Inland capture Fisheries
Barrackpore
CIFA
:
Central Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture
Bhubaneshwar
CICR
:
Central Institute of Cotton Research
Nagpur
CIFT
:
Central Institute of Fisheries Technology
Cochin
CIHNP
:
Central Institute of Horticulture of Northern Plains
Lucknow
CIPET
:
Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology
Ludhiana
CIRCOT
:
Central Research Institute for research on Cotton Technology
Bombay
CIRB
:
Central Research Institute for Research on Buffaloes
Hisar
CIRG
:
Central Institute for Research on Goats
Makhdoom
CMFRI
:
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Cochin
CPCRI
:
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute
Kasargod
CPRI
:
Central Potato Research Institute
Kufri, Simla,
CRIAF
:
Central Research Institute for Arid Fruits
Bikaner
CRIDA
:
Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture
Hyderabad
CRIJAF
:
Central Research Institute for jute and Allied Fibres
Barrackpore
CRITF
:
Central Research Institute for Tropical Fruits
Srinagar
CRITF
:
Central Research Institute for Tropical Fruits
Lucknow
CRRI
:
Central Rice Research Institute
Cuttack
CSSRI
:
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute
Karnal
CSWCRTI
:
Central Soil and water Conservation Research and Training Institute
Dehradun
CSWRI
:
Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute
Avikanagar
CTCRI
:
Central Tuber Crops Research Institute
Trivandrum
CTRI
:
Central Tobacco Research Institute
Rajahmundry
CTRL
:
Central Technological Research Laboratory
Matunga
IASRI
:
Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute
New Delhi
ICARRCG
:
ICAR Research Complex for Goa
Goa
ICARRCNEHR
:
ICAR Research complex for North Eastern Hill Region
Barapani
ICARRCNER
:
ICAR Research complex for North Eastern Region
Shillong
IGFRI
:
Indian Grassland and fodder Research Institute
Jhansi
IIHR
:
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
Hassergatta, Bangalore
IIPR
:
Indian Institute of Pulse Research
Kanpur
IISR
:
Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
Lucknow
IISS
:
Indian Institute of Soil Science
Bhopal
ILRI
:
Indian Lac Research Institute
Namkum, Ranchi
JTRL
:
Jute Technological Research Laboratory
Calcutta
NAARM
:
National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management
Hyderabad
NCAEPR
:
National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research
New Delhi
NIAG
:
National Institute of Animal Genetics
Karnal
SBI
:
Sugarcane Breeding Institute
Coimbatore
VPKAS
:
Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandan Shala
Almora
WTCER
:
Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region
Bhubaneswar
Deemed Universities
CIFE
:
Central Institute of Fisheries Education
Bombay
IARI
:
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
New Delhi
IVRI
:
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar
NDRI
:
National Dairy Research Institute
Karnal
Indian Agricultural Research Institute:
1905
:
Agricultural Research Institute was established at Pusa, Bihar by Lord Curzon. The land was donated by Mr. Phipps of USA after whom the place was named as PUSA. The Phipps laboratory in division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, IARI is named after him.
1911
:
Renamed as Imperial Agricultural Research Institute.
1923
:
Institute started offering Diploma of Associateship.
1934
:
Major Earth quake damaged the buildings at pusa.
1936
:
Shifted to New Delhi.
1936
:
B. Vishwanath became the first Indian Director of the Institute.
1946
:
The Diploma of Associate ship was Recognised equivalent to M. Sc.
1947
:
Name has been changed from Imperial Agricultural Research Institute to Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
1958
:
Recognized as Deemed University under UGC Act at 1956, PG School was established.
Non Education institutes
EEI, Anand, Gujarat
EEI, Jorhat, Assam
EEI, Hyderabad, AP
EEI, Nilokheri, Haryana
International Institutes of crop Improvement:
CGIAR
:
Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research. Was established in 1971 by the joint efforts of Food and Agricultural Organisation world baulk and United Nations Development Programme.
CIAT
:
Centro International de Agriculture Tropical (International Centre for Tropical Agriculture), Palmira, columbia.
CIMMYT
:
Centro International de Majoramiento de Maizy Trigo (International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement) el Baton, Mexico.
CIP
:
Centro International de Papa (International Centre for Potato), Lima, Peru,
IBPGR
:
International Board for Plant Genetics Resources Rome, Italy.
ICARDA
:
International centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, Alleppo, Syria.
ICGES
:
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Triesta, Italy and New Delhi, India.
ICRISAT
:
International Centre for Research in Semi-Arid Tropies, Patancherru, Hyderabad, India.
IFRI
:
International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, USA.
IIAS
:
International Institute for Applied System Analysis, Luxemburg, Vienna.
IITA
:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan Nigeria.
INSFFER
:
International Network on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation on Rice, New Delhi, India.
ILRAD
:
International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
ILCA
:
International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa.
IRRI
:
International Rice Research Institute, Los Bonas, Philippines.
ISNAR
:
International Service for national Agricultural Research. The Hague, Netherlands.
WARDA
:
West African Rice Development Association, Monrovia, Liberia.
Agricultural and Rural Development Programmes:
The evaluation of Agricultural and Rural Development can be grouped into five stages.
Stage I : Pre Independence era
1903
:
Model villages by Daniel Hamilton.
1908
:
Tagore Started Youth organisation in the villages in the Kaligram Pargana.
1921
:
Rural Reconstruction Institute, shantiniketan.
1921
:
Marathandam Project by Spencer Hatch.
1921
:
Gurgaon Experiment by F. L. Brayne.
1921
:
Sevagram Project by Mahatma Gandhi.
Adarsh Seva Sangh, Pohri (Gwalior) by Col. Shitole
1932
:
Rural reconstruction Movement by V. T. Krishnamachari in Baroda.
1945
:
Indian Village service by A. T. Mosher and B. N. Gupta.
1946
:
Firka development Scheme by T. Prakasham.
1947
:
Mazdoor Manzil at Nilokheri by S. K. Dey.
Stage II
:
Post Independence era
1948
:
Grow more food campaign
1948
:
Etawah Pilot Project by Albert mayer.
1952
:
Grow more food campaign enquiry committee.
Stage III
:
Community Development era
1952
:
Community Development Project was started in 55 blocks.
1953
:
National Extension service.
1954
:
Community development blocks(CDB)
1957
:
Balwantrai.G. Mehta committee on Community Development Project recommended Democratic decentralization (Panchayati raj).
1958
:
Rajasthan became first state to adopt Panchayati Raj followed by Andhra Pradesh.
Stage IV : Intensive Agriculture development era
1960
:
IADP
Intensive Agriculture district Programme also called as Package Program in seven districts, later extended to nine more districts.
1964
:
IAAP
Intensive Agricultural Area Programme.
1964
:
ICDP
Intensive Cattle Development Project
1966
:
HYVP
High Yielding Varieties Programme.
1966
:
MCP
Multiple Cropping Programme.
1971
:
MKP
Mini kit Program for Rice was started and later extended to wheat, maize and other millets etc.
Stage V : Developmental Programmes with social Justice
1970
:
SFDA
Small farmers Development Agency
1970
:
MFAL
Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Laborers Programme.
1970
:
DPAP
Drought Prone Area Programme.
1974
:
FWP
Food for Work Programme.
1974
:
MNP
Minimum Needs Programme.
1974
:
T & V
Training and Visit system formulated by Daniel Benor and Baxtor of Israel. Turkey was the first to start T&V.
1974
:
KVK
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohan Singh Mehta committee recommended KVKs. First KVK was established by TNAU at Pondichery.
1974
:
CAD
Command Area Development Programme.
1978-79
:
IRDP
Integrated rural Development Programme.
1979
:
TRYSEM
Training Rural youth for Self-Employment.
1979
:
NARP
National Agricultural research Project.
1980
:
NREP
National Rural Employment programme
1982
:
DWCRA
Development of Women and Children-in Rural Areas.
1982
:
CAPART
Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and rural Technology.
1983
:
NAEP
National Agricultural Extension Project.
1983
:
RLEGP
Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme.
1986
:
TMO
Technology Mission on Oilseeds.
1989
:
JRY
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, formed after merger of NREP and RLEGP.
1993
:
EAS
Employment Assurance scheme
1994-95
:
IVLP
Institute village Linkage programme.
1994
:
MSY
Mahila Samrudhi Yojana.
1994
:
PMRY
Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana.
1995
:
NSAS
National social assistance scheme.
1998
:
NATP
National Agricultural Technology Project
1999
:
JGSY
Jawahar Gram Samuridhi Yojana (JRY was changed to JGSY).
1999
:
SGSY
Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA merged into SGSY).
Varieties of Important Crops:
Rice TN-1 : (First introduced drawf variety into India), IR-8, Jaya (Blast Resistant), Padma, Mashuri, Kakatiya, Pusa Basumati, Pusa Jaldidan, Lunisree, Ratna, TKM-6 (Stem borer resistant), Kataribogh (Tungro resistant), ADT-27 (indica x japonica), Santchousong (High protein content), Dee-Gee-Woo-Gen, Bala (Drought resistant), IR-20 (Resistant to Blast, BLB, stemborer, leafhopper).
Wheat : Introduction from Mexico: Lerma Rojo and sonara-64.
Single gene dwarf varieties: Safed lerma, Sharbati sonara, pusa Lerma, Chotu lerma.
Double gene dwarf varieties: Shera, Arjun, Janak.
Triple gene dwarf varieties: Heera, Moti.
HD series, Kundan, C-306 (drought resistant).
Chickpen Pusa 256 PBG-1 203, Pusa 209: Gaurav ICCC-32, Ajay.
Pigeonpea UPAS-120 9short duration), ICPH-8 (First Hybrid), (Arhar) Pusa 33. Pusa Agati, ICPL 37. Hira, Mukta, Bahar, Prabat. SBH-8.
Sugarcane Noble Canes: CO-419, Co-997
Soybean Bragg, Lee Clark-63, Shilajeet, Pusa 16, 20, 24, PK-327
Tomato Pusa Sheetal, Pusa-120, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Ruby, Margologe, Sioux, Pusa Gauray, Best of All.
Mango Malika (neelam x dasheri)
Amrapali (dasheri x neelam)
Ratna (neelam x alphonso)
Bannana Poovan (larplur, Chakrakeli), Basrai, Champa
Hill Bananas: Sirumali, virupakshi
Culinary varieties: Monthan, Gross Mitchell, Mindoli Robusta Rasthali
Rose Chitra, Dr. B. P. Pal, Priyadarshini, Nehru Ceremony, Jawhar, Abisarika, Banjara, Randhawa.
Califlower Pusa Deepali, Pusa synthetic, Pusa Katki, Early Snowball, Kanwari , Early, Patna, Patna Main crop, Snowball-16, Suttons Snowball Japanese improved, Dania, Aghani, Poosi.
Oil Percentage:
Sesamum
46-52%
Groundnut
44-50%
Castor
35-58%
Safflower
24-36%
Rape seed and mustard
33%
Soybean
20%
Niger
37-43%
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